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Vision evaluation — How your eyes are tested

Regular visits to your eye doctor are an important part of maintaining healthy vision as well as essential prior to undergoing a vision procedure. Eye exams are simple and usually only take about an hour of your time. Most exams follow a standard format that begins with questions from your doctor or a member of his staff about your vision and a discussion of any problems that you may be experiencing. Your doctor will then perform several tests to check the health of your eyes and the status of your vision. The following tests are usually performed during an eye exam:
  • Visual acuity tests — you are asked to read rows of letters that become smaller as you go farther down the chart. This evaluates your distance vision.
  • Blood pressure test — the typical blood pressure test to give an idea of your overall health.
  • Other general eye health and vision tests.
  • Color vision testing — you look at color plates called pseudoisochromatic plates to identify patterns of different colors that are typically not distinguished by people with colorblindness.
  • Motility test — you will focus on a point while the doctor moves the point in an H pattern. This tests your ability to follow the target and can identify nerve problems.
  • Pupillary response test — a common test where a light is shined into the pupil to test constriction and dilation of the pupil.
  • Cover test — the eyes are alternatively covered while the uncovered reads the eye chart. This test can determine if one eye is not being used, a condition known as strabismus.
  • Near point of convergence test — you will focus on a single target that is slowly moved closer to the nose and till the object appears as two objects. There is a standard point at which you should only see one object.
  • Refraction — this refers to evaluating the degree of refractive error and the amount correction that is needed to provide clear vision. Three steps are used to determine this: retinoscopy, refinement, and binocular balancing. These tests involve different manual and automated systems, but also rely on the judgment of the ophthalmologist.
  • Tonometry — intraocular pressure of the eye is measured by evaluating the degree of corneal indentation caused by a specific amount of pressure. Measuring the intraocular pressure of the eye is used to identify glaucoma.
  • Slit lamp examination — a magnified view of the eye is taken using a microscope-like instrument. This instrument is used to examine all of the structures of the eye to identify any problems or abnormal structures.
  • Ophthalmoscopy — a special scope is used to examine the eye. The procedure exams the retina, optic disc, and the macula (these features of the eye are collectively referred to as the fundus).
  • Topography — a special camera is used to photograph the features on the surface of the cornea. This technique is used to help ophthalmologists plan vision correction surgery, cataract surgery, and contact lens wear.
  • Keratometry — a measurement of the curvature of the cornea is taken to check for astigmatism. This procedure is also used to fit contact lenses.

Which is Right For You?
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Did You Know?
Presbyopia affects reading vision for most people by the age of 40. NearVision CK is performed using the ViewPoint® CK System, the only FDA-approved technology for presbyopic patients who want to improve their near vision. Click here to learn more about presbyopia.

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